Fatehpur Sikri, located about 37 km from Agra in Uttar Pradesh, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a prominent historical city in India. Built by Emperor Akbar in the late 16th century, Fatehpur Sikri served as the capital of the Mughal Empire for a brief period. The city is known for its stunning Mughal architecture, beautiful palaces, courtyards, and grand mosques, and it attracts visitors interested in history, architecture, and culture.
Here is a detailed guide to sightseeing in Fatehpur Sikri and the must-visit places:
1. Buland Darwaza
Location: Near the main entrance to Fatehpur Sikri
Description: Buland Darwaza is one of the largest and most impressive gateways in the world, standing 54 meters tall. Built to commemorate Emperor Akbar's successful campaign in Gujarat, it is a striking example of Mughal architecture. The grand structure, with its intricate carvings and inscriptions, is a prominent feature of Fatehpur Sikri and offers a majestic entrance to the city.
2. Jama Masjid
Location: Central Fatehpur Sikri
Description: The Jama Masjid is one of the most important religious structures in Fatehpur Sikri and was built by Emperor Akbar. The mosque is a magnificent structure with a large courtyard, beautifully detailed arches, and a large central dome. It houses the tomb of Shaikh Salim Chishti, an important Sufi saint, and is an architectural marvel, blending Persian and Mughal styles.
3. Tomb of Sheikh Salim Chishti
Location: Inside the Jama Masjid complex
Description: The tomb of Sheikh Salim Chishti is a revered site for pilgrims, as it houses the tomb of the Sufi saint whose blessings were sought by Emperor Akbar for an heir. The tomb, made of white marble, features exquisite Mughal architecture with detailed carvings, jharokhas (overhanging windows), and intricate lattice work. Devotees visit the tomb to seek blessings for children and fertility.
4. Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience)
Location: Inside the Fatehpur Sikri complex
Description: The Diwan-i-Khas was a royal audience hall used by Emperor Akbar to meet with his nobles and ministers. The hall features a single central pillar supporting a circular platform, which was used by Akbar to hold discussions. The unique architecture and design of the building reflect the sophisticated Mughal style and Akbar's interest in gathering ideas from diverse cultures.
5. Diwan-i-Aam (Hall of Public Audience)
Location: Near the Diwan-i-Khas, within the Fatehpur Sikri complex
Description: The Diwan-i-Aam is a large hall used by Akbar for public meetings. The hall, which features an open courtyard and large columns, was where the emperor addressed his subjects. The architectural style of the hall is impressive, with intricately designed pillars supporting the structure. It is here that the emperor would hold discussions with common people and hear grievances.
6. Panch Mahal
Location: Near the Diwan-i-Khas
Description: The Panch Mahal is a five-story palace located within the Fatehpur Sikri complex. It is designed as a large open pavilion with a unique architectural style, featuring multiple columns and a series of open terraces. The building is thought to have been used by Akbar’s harem, and the upper floors provided a panoramic view of the surrounding area. The structure's architectural brilliance and serene atmosphere make it a highlight of Fatehpur Sikri.
7. Sikri Fort
Location: Central Fatehpur Sikri
Description: Sikri Fort is a walled enclosure within Fatehpur Sikri, which houses various royal buildings, including the Diwan-i-Khas, the Diwan-i-Aam, and the Jama Masjid. The fort, which was initially built as a military stronghold, is now part of the larger Fatehpur Sikri complex. It is an architectural marvel showcasing Mughal military architecture and design.
8. Jodha Bai’s Palace
Location: Near the Diwan-i-Khas
Description: Jodha Bai’s Palace is believed to be the residence of Akbar’s wife, Jodha Bai (also known as Mariam-uz-Zamani). The palace is a blend of Mughal and Hindu architectural styles, and it reflects the cultural fusion of the Mughal Empire. The structure has an interesting design with large courtyards, multiple rooms, and delicate carvings. The palace is often admired for its harmonious architectural layout.
9. Birbal’s House
Location: Near the Panch Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri
Description: Birbal’s House is believed to be the residence of Birbal, one of the nine gems in Akbar's court. The house is smaller compared to other structures but is known for its aesthetic design and royal charm. Birbal was known for his wit, wisdom, and humor, and the house is an important historical and cultural site within Fatehpur Sikri.
10. Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti’s Tomb (Dargah)
Location: Near the Jama Masjid
Description: While the tomb of Sheikh Salim Chishti is more famous, the Dargah of Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti, another prominent Sufi saint, is also located in Fatehpur Sikri. This tomb is known for its religious significance, and it is visited by many devotees who come to seek blessings. The Dargah is a serene and peaceful place, surrounded by green gardens.
11. Naubat Khana (Drum House)
Location: Near the main entrance of Fatehpur Sikri
Description: The Naubat Khana is the former music hall of the royal court, where musicians would perform for the emperor and his court. The building’s design is characterized by multiple arches and an open space where musical instruments would be displayed. It is a prime example of the Mughal interest in music and the arts.
12. Mariyam’s Tomb
Location: Near the entrance to Fatehpur Sikri, outside the city complex
Description: Mariyam's Tomb is the final resting place of Mariam-uz-Zamani, the wife of Emperor Akbar and the mother of Emperor Jahangir. The tomb is an example of Mughal architectural style, with Persian influences. The tomb is surrounded by beautiful gardens and provides an insight into Mughal royal burial practices.
13. Ibadat Khana (House of Worship)
Location: Near the Jama Masjid, within the Fatehpur Sikri complex
Description: The Ibadat Khana was the house of worship established by Akbar, where religious scholars of different faiths were invited to hold discussions and debates. Akbar was known for his policy of religious tolerance, and the Ibadat Khana is a reflection of this philosophy. The building is a fine example of Akbar's intellectual curiosity and efforts to foster interfaith dialogue.
14. Chamber of Mirrors (Sheesh Mahal)
Location: Near the Diwan-i-Khas, Fatehpur Sikri
Description: The Sheesh Mahal is a mirror-work palace where Akbar and his royal court held meetings and socialized. The walls of this structure were originally covered with tiny mirrors that gave the chamber a beautiful appearance. Though many of the mirrors are no longer intact, the design still speaks of the intricate Mughal craftsmanship.
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Best Time to Visit Fatehpur Sikri:
October to March is the ideal time to visit Fatehpur Sikri, as the weather is pleasant and comfortable for sightseeing. Summers (April to June) can be very hot, with temperatures soaring above 40°C (104°F).
Tips for Visiting:
Wear comfortable footwear: Since the Fatehpur Sikri complex is vast and requires walking, comfortable shoes are recommended.
Carry water and sun protection: The site can get hot, so carry water, sunscreen, and a hat for sun protection.
Respect local customs: As many of the sites are religious, ensure you dress modestly and follow any local customs or guidelines for visiting temples and mosques.
Fatehpur Sikri offers a glimpse into the glorious era of the Mughal Empire, showcasing architectural brilliance, royal lifestyle, and religious harmony. The city, though abandoned, remains one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture and a must-visit for history buffs and architecture lovers.
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